مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال هجدهم شماره 6 (پیاپی 77، بهمن و اسفند 1389)

Increasing hematological diseases along with increased use of microwaves in different systems proposed possible correlation between them. Age of exposure to wave is also an important factor. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of radiation leakaged from microwave oven on hemopoitic bone marrow cells at pre and post pubertal. Fourteen male mature (2 months old) and 14 male immature rats(one month old) were randomly divided in to four groups (control and test). Test groups were exposed, three times a day each time 30 min for 60 days, to microwaves produced by microwave oven. After sixty days, animals were sacrified and bone marrow samples were collected from femural bones. Percent of variose cells type and their morphology were evaluated in 500 cells of each smear. exposure to microwave did not exert visible morphological alteration. In the immature experimental group significant decrease in percent of basophilic rubricyte, polychromatic rubricyte, meta rubricyte and all the erythroid cell types observed(P<0.05), whereas, meta myelocyte, notrophilic band, total myeloid cell types and prolifrative cells, other cell types and the myeloid/erythroid ratio significantly increased(P<0.05). In the mature group, however, a significant decrease in percent of meta rubricyte and myelocyte cells observed(P<0.05), although prolifrative cells and all other cell types were significantly increasing in this group. In conclusion, the radiation leaked from microwave oven in the experimental conditions had no effect on the morphology of hemopoitic bone marrow cells, though the number of these cells was altered especially in immature group.

Carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy in the upper extremity and it develops due to unusual pressure on the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. In this randomized clinical trial, mini open carpal tunnel release(MOCTR) with knife light is compared with the classic open carpal tunnel(CTR) release technique. A total of 76 patients who were candidate for carpal tunnel release from September 2005 to April 2009 were divided randomly in two groups. Group I was treated by classic open surgery, while group II was treated by mini open surgery with knife light. Patients were visited at first, second, fourth and eighth weeks post operation. Complications and symptoms including pain(by visual analog scale) were registered. Patients were advised to start daily routines as soon as their pain and symptoms reduced. Statistically, both groups were same regarding sex and age and symptoms were reduced considerably in both groups. Pain and post operative symptoms disappeared earlier in group II and they returned to work sooner than the other group. Complications in two groups were similar. Mini open technique with knife light for carpal tunnel syndrome has certain advantages as compared to classic open surgery with respect to early return to work and daily routines.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the major foodborne illness and sporadic case of human disease, hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. The purpose of this study is to survey the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 virulence genes from ground meat in Shiraz. In this research 504 samples of ground meat were collected from three main factories of meat products and enriched in Escherichia coli broth with novobiocin medium in 37ºC. Fermentation of sorbitol and lactose and β-glucoronidase activity of isolated strains were examined by CT-SMAC, VRBA and chromogenic media respectively. Then isolation of E.coli O157:H7 have been confirmed with the use of specific antisera and with multiplex PCR method presence of E.coli O157:H7 virulence genes including: stx1, stx2, eaeA, hly has been analysed. Out of specimens that have been supplied, 466 sorbitol negative bacteria were isolated in CT-SMAC medium(92.46%). The stx1 and eaeA genes were diagnosed in two case of these samples(0.39 %) and stx2 gene was detected in one case(0.19%) of isolated E.coli O157:H7 strains. E.coli O157:H7 will continue to be an important public health concern as long as it contaminates meat. Preventive measures may reduce the number of cattle that carry it and the contamination of meat during slaughter and grinding.

Macromycetes are considered as new resources for medicine with various biological properties. One of the most important medicinal fungi in Iran is Phellinus conchatus. This genus contains 359 species around the world of which 12 species are reported from the north regions of Iran. Phellinus species have anticancer, antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Moreover, they have been used in traditional medicines for treatment of several diseases. Due to the increasing bacterial resistance to existing antibiotics, it seems that research for new sources of antibiotics is necessary. The purpose of this research was to collect and identify the species with respect to hosts, dispersal, macromorphological and micromorphological characters of the species, and their biological effect against Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria was evaluated using total methanol extract and it’s fractional extracts(chloroform, butanol and water extracts) using disk diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations(MBCs). The results of disk diffusion tests showed that all extracts except aqueous extract had growth inhibitory effects on three bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The butanolic extract showed the best result in growth inhibition against the bacteria, especially on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The MICs and MBCs of the butanol extract of these bacteria were(1, 2mg.disk), (2, 4 mg.disk) and(8, 16mg.disk), respectively. The results show that different extracts, especially butanol extract have high antibacterial activities which indicate the presence of active components in this fraction. More fractionation studies are under way to isolate the antibacterial components in the butanolic extract.

Long QT Syndrome is one of the arrhythmic disorders of the heart that causes sudden cardiac death in patients. Most of the investigations have focused on nuclear genome for finding genetic defects in these disorders, but some of the cases with LQTS cannot be explained by mutations of identified genes. It prompted the authors to focus on the mitochondrial DNA and monitor rearrangements which are probably the cause of respiratory chain defects and reduced ATP generation. The region of the mitochondrial DNA(from 5461 to 15000 nt) was screened by PCR amplification and southern blot followed by DNA sequence analysis. For the first time, a large scale deletion(~8.7 kb) was identified in 30 of the39 patients (76.3%) using Multiplex PCR and Southern blot analysis and demonstrated that this deletion is flanked by 9bp direct repeat. The results also showed that this deletion in patient samples was higher than normal controls(P<0.001). Of the total,8 aged subjects(> 45 years old) had multiple deletions in the region between 5461 and 16150 that may be an age effect on the occurrence of rearrangements on mitochondrial genome. Since heart is highly dependent on oxidative energy generated in mitochondria, such a large scale deletion may be the link between these diseases and dysfunctions of mitochondria.

The previous researches about the etiology of coronary artery atherosclerosis have accentuated on clinical and medical risk factors, such as cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, positive family background, myocardial ischemia history in family, atherogenic diet, increase of A lipoprotein, inflammatory factors such as increase of cross-reactive protein and so on. Although factors in behavioral medicine are recognized as an independent risk factor in coronary artery atherosclerosis, few researches have been done on hostility and anger. The aim of this study was to determine the difference between normal people(Control group) and people with coronary artery atherosclerosis(Case group) with regards to hostility and anger. This study was performed as a case-control design. Data was collected from seventy-seven patients with coronary artery atherosclerosis who had referred to Afshar Hospital Professional Heart Clinic in Yazd city and seventy-eight normal people were used as control. Two groups completed the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire(BPAQ) to measure their hostility and anger. The results of the analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference regarding hostility(p<.05) and anger(p<.001) between the two groups. Hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the sociodemographic and clinical variables(step 1) explained 35.5 % to 47.4%, while hostility and anger(step 2) explained 6.7% to 9% of the variance in incidence of coronary artery atherosclerosis. Hostility and anger are strong risk factors for coronary artery atherosclerosis or CAD in Iran. Therefore, in order to decrease the incidence rate of coronary artery atherosclerosis in Iran, alongside medical interventions, attention should also be paid towards behavioral interventions in order to modify hostile and angrily behavior.

Most women experience significant changes in quality of life(QOL) during and after menopausal and few researchers have quantified these changes. The aim of the present research was to assess quality of life(QOL) and determine factors related to its impairment among postmenopausal Iranian women.

This cross-sectional study was conducted by cluster sampling method among 300 post-menopausal women in Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran in 2008. Data was collected using the menopause quality of life questionnaire(MENQOL) by interview. Content validity and Cronbach's alpha were used respectively to ensure the validity and reliability of the questionnaires. Inferential and descriptive statistics via SPSS.15 software were used for data analysis.

The mean scores for quality of life in various dimensions were as follows: vasomotor dimension 12.34±4.71, psychological dimension 18.15±8.89, physical dimension 41.09±16.37 and in sexual dimension it was 10.97±6.52. There were significant relationships between psychological, physical and sexual dimensions and education level, economic level, health level (p < 0.05) regardless of Spearman’s correlation, There were significant relationships between, physical and sexual dimensions and number of pregnancies and age(p < 0.05).

Menopause causes a decrease in quality of life that is dependent on work and other sociodemographic variables. It is therefore necessary to develop effective interventional programs to improve quality of life after menopause.

Evaluation is an important factor in productivity context, and acts as a control system for other areas of productivity. Hospitals are large organizations incurring heavy expenses in every country. The level of efficiency in a hospital is a good criterion to understand how hospitals consume their resources. The goal of this research was to determine relative efficiency of 13 public hospitals in Yazd province by using integrated DEA, BSC and SERVQUAL model.

In this study, relative efficiency of 13 public hospitals of Yazd province was calculated using data envelopment analysis technique(DEA) and balanced score card and servqual. BSC was used as a tool for designing of performance evaluation indexes, while DEA was used as a tool of evaluating performance and ranking.

The mean relative efficiency of hospitals under study was about 0.945 in the Persian calendar year 2008-9. The efficiency levels of nine hospitals were borderline and the efficiency of four hospitals was less than 1. Hospital no.3 had the highest efficiency levels and hospital no.10 had the lowest efficiency level.

In this stage, on the basis of references presented by the DEA model, solutions for increasing the quality performance levels of inefficient hospitals in fourth dimensions were determined and some suggestions were proposed. Although all performance indices of the inefficient hospitals need to be addressed, priorities have to be determined by the respective managers.

The etiology of ESRD under the age of 20 almost is the inherited kidney disease or congenital disorders of urinary tract. NPHP/ medullary cystic disease includes a group of tubulo- genetic kidney disorders. NPHP is the cause of 15-20% ESRD in children and adolescents. The extra renal manifestations include: oculomotor Apraxia(Cogan syndrome), mental retardation, retinitis pigmentosa, (Senior- Loken syndrome) liver fibrosis and skeletal disorders. Recently, on the basis of genetics and type of the protein product of these mutations, NPHP is divided to 6 types. The presented case is a 17 year old boy with end stage renal disease that he has been managed with hemodialysis. As the patient has polyuria and disturbance in vision from childhood and on physical examination he had retinitis pigmentosa and horizontal nystagmus with a history of chronic kidney disease in his 12 years old sister, and familial marriage between his parents, we suggest NPHP4 for the patient.